Giorgio de Chirico, unlike many artists of his generation, found little to admire in the works of Cézanne and other French modernists, but was inspired by the paintings of the Swiss Symbolist Arnold Böcklin and the work of German artists such as Max Klinger. [18] Numerous young artists who were similarly affected by de Chirico's imagery became the core of the Paris Surrealist group centered around Breton. He resented this, as he thought his later work was better and more mature. His early style was influenced by Arnold Böcklin’s and Max Klinger’s paintings, which juxtapose the fantastic with the commonplace. In 1928 he held his first exhibition in New York City and shortly afterwards, London. He wrote essays on art and other subjects, and in 1929 published a novel entitled Hebdomeros, the Metaphysician. [25], De Chirico's best-known works are the paintings of his metaphysical period. Moving to Paris in 1911, de Chirico gained the admiration of Pablo Picasso and Guillaume Apollinaire with his ambiguously ominous scenes of deserted piazzas. [39][40][41], The box art for Fumito Ueda's PlayStation 2 game Ico sold in Japan and Europe was strongly influenced by de Chirico. [4][6] De Chirico's family was in Greece at the time of his birth because his father, engineer, was in charge of the construction of a railroad. [10], He remained extremely prolific even as he approached his 90th year. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Giorgio-de-Chirico, Guggenheim - Biography of Giorgio De Chirico, The Art Story - Biography of Giorgio De Chirico, Art Encyclopedia - Biography of Giorgio de Chirico, Giorgio de Chirico - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). The founder of the Metaphysical art movement, Giorgio de Chirico was an Italian (Born in Volos,Greece)surrealist painter, whose work implied a metaphysical questioning of reality. metafyzické malby (pittura metafisica). He sent his son to study drawing and painting at Athens Polytechnic beginning in 1900. - Rim, 20. studenog 1978. 1888.- Rim, 20.11. [43], The music video for the David Bowie song "Loving the Alien" was partly influenced by de Chirico. Born in the Greek port city of Volos, Giorgio de Chirico was the son of Italian parents. [10] He continued to paint, and in 1918, he transferred to Rome. He began to paint in a neoclassical style. [16] This article heralded an abrupt change in his artistic orientation, as he adopted a classicizing manner inspired by such old masters as Raphael and Signorelli, and became part of the post-war return to order in the arts. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Giorgio De Chirico (n. 10 iulie 1888, Volos, Grecia – d. 20 noiembrie 1978, Roma, Italia ), cunoscut și ca Népo, a fost un pictor suprarealist italian, poate cel mai enigmatic exponent al artei figurative din secolul al XX-lea. His parents encouraged his artistic development, and from a young age he took a strong interest in Greek mythology, perhaps because Volos was the port the Argonauts were supposed to have set sail from to retrieve the Golden … [3] His mother was Genoese-Greek[4] (likely born in Smyrna) and his father a Sicilian barone[2][5] from a family of remote Greek origin (the Kyriko or Chirico was a family of Greek origin that moved from Rhodes to Palermo in 1523, together with other 4000 Greek-Catholic families). "[34] Several of Sylvia Plath's poems are influenced by de Chirico. Brandani, Edoardo (a cura di), Di Genova, Giorgio, Bonfiglioli, Patrizia (1999). Fez parte do movimento chamado pintura metafísica, considerado um precursor do … Among de Chirico's most frequent motifs were arcades, of which he wrote: "The Roman arcade is fate ... its voice speaks in riddles which are filled with a peculiarly Roman poetry".[14]. The paintings de Chirico produced between 1909 and 1919, his metaphysical period, are characterized by haunted, brooding moods evoked by their images. He was born in Volos, a coastal city of Thessaly, and was encouraged by his father from a young age to cultivate a passion for art. The architectural forms and the placement of the chalkboard evoked the unity of art and science—a perfect symbol for an artist whose music has been called 'mathematical.'"[33]. After studying art in Athens and Florence, de Chirico moved to Germany in 1906 and entered the Munich Academy of Fine Arts. After studying in Athens and Florence, he moved to Germany to study at the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich, where he was influenced by the writings of Nietzsche and Arthur Schopenhauer. července 1888 Volos, Řecko – 20. listopadu 1978 Řím), řecko-italský malíř a grafik.Byl hlavním představitelem tzv. [20] De Chirico's later paintings never received the same critical praise as did those from his metaphysical period. Giorgio de Chirico werd in Griekenland geboren uit Italiaanse ouders en volgde zijn kunstopleidingen in Athene, Florence en vanaf 1906 aan de kunstacademie van München, waar hij Böcklin en Klinger ontdekte. Index biographique des membres et associés de l'Académie royale de Belgique (1769–2005), p. 72. Sa mère, Gemma Cervetto, née à Smyrne, en Turquie, d'une famille italienne de la noblesse génoise, est chanteuse d'opéra . Giorgio DE CHIRICO (1888-1978) (Italy) is an artist born in 1888 The oldest auction result ever registered on the website for an artwork by this artist is a painting sold in 1983, at Binoche, and the most recent auction result is a print-multiple sold in 2021. The name means "Metaphysical school".The Scuola metafisica was a big influence on the surrealist painters. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Karier. Giorgio de Chirico, (born July 10, 1888, Vólos, Greece—died Nov. 19, 1978, Rome, Italy), Italian painter who, with Carlo Carrà and Giorgio Morandi, founded the style of Metaphysical painting. He became an outspoken opponent of modern art. Grove Art Online. Giorgio De Chirico (1888 - 1978) was active/lived in Italy, France, Greece. De Chirico’s Metaphysical paintings exercised a profound influence on the painters of the Surrealist movement in the 1920s. Corrections? In them he developed a repertoire of motifs—empty arcades, towers, elongated shadows, mannequins, and trains among others—that he arranged to create "images of forlornness and emptiness" that paradoxically also convey a feeling of "power and freedom". Together they moved to Italy in 1932 and to the US in 1936,[10] finally settling in Rome in 1944. Giorgio de Chirico, född 10 juli 1888 i Volos, Grekland, död 20 november 1978 i Rom, Italien, var en italiensk målare, scenograf, illustratör, grafiker och skulptör . Giorgio de Chirico (/ˈkɪrɪkoʊ/ KIRR-ik-oh, Italian: [ˈdʒordʒo deˈkiːriko]; 10 July 1888 – 20 November 1978) was an Italian[1][2] artist and writer born in Greece. Et quid amabo nisi quod aenigma est? Giorgio de Chirico Biography An Italian painter born in Greece in 1888, Giorgio de Chirico was the founder of the Metaphysical painting movement along with alongside the painter Carlo Carrà. Soon, their mother traveled with them to Munich. In 1905, tragedy shook the family as their father passed away. Here, Gi… Godine 1909. vratio se u Italiju.. Utemeljitelj je metafizičke Å¡kole u slikarstvu. Han är mest känd för sina metafysiska målningar från 1910-talet. In the years before World War I, he founded the scuola metafisica art movement, which profoundly influenced the surrealists. Giorgio de Chirico (10 July 1888 – 20 November 1978) was an Italian painter and writer. At the outbreak of World War I, he returned to Italy. In 1992 his remains were moved to the Roman church of San Francesco a Ripa. "[30] Other artists as diverse as Giorgio Morandi, Carlo Carrà, Paul Delvaux, Carel Willink, Harue Koga and Philip Guston were influenced by de Chirico. Giorgio de Chirico ( Vólos, Grécia, 10 de julho de 1888 — Roma, 20 de novembro de 1978 ), foi um pintor italiano. De Chirico es reconocido entre otras cosas por haber fundado el movimiento artístico scuola metafisica Biografía. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Upon his arrival in May 1915, he enlisted in the army, but he was considered unfit for work and assigned to the hospital at Ferrara. [23] In 1945, he published his memoirs. In July 1911 he spent a few days in Turin on his way to Paris. Giorgio De Chirico (Italian, July 10, 1888–November 20, 1978) was a notable Surrealist painter and graphic artist who founded the Metaphysical Art movement. Diagnosed with a nervous condition, he was admitted into a military hospital, where he met Carlo Carrà in 1917; together the two artists developed the style they named Metaphysical painting. [24] During the 1960s, Massimiliano Fuksas worked in his atelier. Ed. 2065 askART artist summary of Giorgio De Chirico. By 1910, he was beginning to paint in a simpler style of flat, anonymous surfaces. [11] De Chirico found inspiration in the unexpected sensations that familiar places or things sometimes produced in him: In a manuscript of 1909 he wrote of the "host of strange, unknown and solitary things that can be translated into painting ... What is required above all is a pronounced sensitivity. Născut în Volos, Grecia dintr-o mamă grecoaică și un tată sicilian, de Chirico este fondatorul La scuola metafisica în arte. Perhaps it comes from the train and is near us. Biography of Giorgio De Chirico. The element of mystery in de Chirico’s paintings dwindled after 1919, when he became interested in the technical methods of the Italian classical tradition. [15] In Ferrara he met with Carlo Carrà and together they founded the pittura metafisica movement. References. [19], De Chirico met and married his first wife, the Russian ballerina Raissa Gurievich (1894-1979) in 1925, and together they moved to Paris. Giorgio de Chirico Biography Giorgio de Chirico was born in Greece into the family of an Italian railroad engineer and later studied in Athens, Florence and Munich, where he was much influenced by Nietzsche's philosophy and Arnold Böcklin's Symbolist art. In the years before World War I, he founded the Scuola metafisica art movement. De Chirico won praise for his work almost immediately from the writer Guillaume Apollinaire, who helped to introduce his work to the later Surrealists. Giorgio de Chirico (Volos, Grecia; 10 de julio de 1888 – Roma; 20 de noviembre de 1978) fue un pintor italiano nacido en Grecia de padres italianos. Rolando Caputo. Giorgio de Chirico (Volos, Grčka, 10.7. In de Chirico’s paintings of this period, such as the Grand Metaphysical Interior (1917) and The Seer (1915), the colours are brighter, and dressmakers’ mannequins, compasses, biscuits, and paintings on easels assume a mysterious significance within enigmatic landscapes or interiors. He also worked in etching and sculpture. In these works, such as The Soothsayer’s Recompense (1913) and The Mystery and Melancholy of a Street (1914), classical statues, dark arcades, and small, isolated figures are overpowered by their own shadows and by severe, oppressive architecture. Born in Rome, he developed a keen interest in art in childhood and was also moved by philosophical writings. Son père, Evaristo , amateur d'art et de voile, ingénieur de Palerme chargé de la construction de lignes de chemin de fer, lui fait découvrir la Grèce antique. At the beginning of 1910, he moved to Florence where he painted the first of his 'Metaphysical Town Square' series, The Enigma of an Autumn Afternoon, after the revelation he felt in Piazza Santa Croce. [32] Michelangelo Antonioni, the Italian film director, also said he was influenced by de Chirico. The one-eyed figure represented the visionary. De Chirico's conception of Metaphysical art was strongly influenced by his reading of Nietzsche, whose style of writing fascinated de Chirico with its suggestions of unseen auguries beneath the appearance of things. [8] De Chirico entered the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich, where he studied under Gabriel von Hackl and Carl von Marr and read the writings of the philosophers Friedrich Nietzsche, Arthur Schopenhauer and Otto Weininger. The shop windows of that town inspired a series of paintings that feature biscuits, maps, and geometric constructions in indoor settings. He eventually began painting in a more realistic and academic style, and by the 1930s he had broken with his avant-garde colleagues and disclaimed his earlier works. In 1914, through Apollinaire, he met the art dealer Paul Guillaume, with whom he signed a contract for his artistic output. In 1974 de Chirico was elected to the French Académie des Beaux-Arts. 1906-ban, miután meghalt apja, Münchenbe költözött a családdal együtt, és tanulmányait az ottani akadémián folytatta, ahova elsősorban Arnold Böcklin vonzotta. Jahrhunderts 1880–1940", by Giulio Carlo Argan, 1990, p. 201. [9][10] The style of his earliest paintings, such as The Dying Centaur (1909), shows the influence of Böcklin.[8]. Giorgio De Chirico was born on July 10, 1888, in Volos, the capital of Thessaly, Greece. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Starting from 1918, his work was exhibited extensively in Europe. gdje je postao članom umjetničke akademije. There, he also studied the works of Arnold Böcklin and Max Klinger. Biografia. Artprice.com's price levels for this artist are based on 6,326 auction results. Through his brother he met Pierre Laprade, a member of the jury at the Salon d'Automne, where he exhibited three of his works: Enigma of the Oracle, Enigma of an Afternoon and Self-Portrait. During 1913 he exhibited paintings at the Salon des Indépendants and Salon d’Automne; his work was noticed by Pablo Picasso and Guillaume Apollinaire, and he sold his first painting, The Red Tower. Writers who have appreciated de Chirico include John Ashbery, who has called Hebdomeros "probably ... the finest [major work of Surrealist fiction]. Giorgio De Chirico va ser tan estimat com odiat en la primera meitat del segle xx.André Breton el va considerar gràcies a les estranyes atmosferes i rerefons oníric dels seus paisatges com un dels precursors del surrealisme, però el 1918 el va declarar mort en tornar la mirada cap a l'art del Renaixement. de Chirico did not produce any other long-form writing.He was and remains primarily known as a painter, especially for his scenes of deserted cityscapes, such as The Soothsayer's Recompense and The Enigma of the Hour.. There, he worked with the Greek artists Georgios Roilos and Georgios Jakobides. Volos 1888 - Rom 1978. After 1919, he became interested in more traditional ways of painting. 1978), grčko-talijanski slikar Umjetnički se obrazovao u Ateni, 1906. se preselio u München i tamo postao članom umjetničke akademije. In 1948 he bought a house near the Spanish Steps; now the Giorgio de Chirico House Museum, a museum dedicated to his work. Giorgio de Chirico was born in Volos, Greece to Italian parents. His father was an engineer working on the construction of the Greek railway system and his mother was a noblewoman of Genoese origin. Gale, Matthew (2003, January 01). The poems were read by actor Burt Young at the Met in 2016. Giorgio de Chirico (Volos, Grčka, 10. srpnja 1888. Giorgio de Chirico was born in Volos, Greece to Italian parents. Bersama dengan Carlo Carrà dan Giorgio Morandi, dia telah menemukan gaya penglusikan metafisika (Metaphysical painting). [20] His relationship with the Surrealists grew increasingly contentious, as they publicly disparaged his new work; by 1926 he had come to regard them as "cretinous and hostile". Baldacci, Paolo & Fagiolo Dell’Arco, Maurizio (1982). The name means "Metaphysical school".The Scuola metafisica was a big influence on the surrealist painters. His most well-known works often feature Roman arcades, long shadows, mannequins, trains, and illogical perspective. After 1919, he became interested in more traditional ways of painting. La firma dell'artista. [28], In this, he resembles his more representational American contemporary, Edward Hopper: their pictures' low sunlight, their deep and often irrational shadows, their empty walkways and portentous silences creating an enigmatic visual poetry.[29]. [22] He also denounced many paintings attributed to him in public and private collections as forgeries. Giorgio De Chirico a un frère cadet, Andrea Francesco Alberto de Chirico, connu comme l'écrivain, peintre et compositeur Alberto Savinio. In 1930, de Chirico met his second wife, Isabella Pakszwer Far (1909-1990), a Russian, with whom he would remain for the rest of his life. De Chirico interest in art made him enroll for his art studies at Higher School of Fine Arts located in Athens. ‘The Child's Brain’ was created in 1917 by Giorgio de Chirico in Metaphysical art style. Find more prominent pieces of allegorical painting at Wikiart.org – best visual art database. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Giorgio de Chirico Biography. In 1924 de Chirico visited Paris and was accepted into the group, although the surrealists were severely critical of his post-metaphysical work. At the time of his birth, his father was managing the construction of a railroad in Greece. Gabriele Tinti composed three poems[36] inspired by de Chirico's paintings: The Nostalgia of the Poet (1914),[37] The Uncertainty of the Poet (1913), and Ariadne (1913),[38] works in the Peggy Guggenheim Collection, the Tate, and the Metropolitan Museum of Art, respectively. In 1958, Riverside Records used a reproduction of de Chirico's 1915 painting The Seer (originally painted as a tribute to French poet Arthur Rimbaud) as the cover art for pianist Thelonious Monk's live album Misterioso. He nevertheless produced backdated "self-forgeries" both to profit from his earlier success, and as an act of revenge—retribution for the critical preference for his early work. [13] The picture space often featured illogical, contradictory, and drastically receding perspectives. Giorgio de Chirico (IPA: ˈdʒɔrdʒo deˈkiriko; 10. Giorgio De Chirico is known for Pre-surrealist painting. Giorgio de Chirico was born in 1888 in Greece. Giorgio De Chirico 1971 Milano, mostra personale di scultura.jpg 4,690 × 6,805; 1.79 MB Giorgio De Chirico and René Clair.jpg 950 × 622; 128 KB Logo Casa Editrice Bestetti 1906 Milano.jpg 600 × 816; 183 KB His towers, walls, and plazas seem to flash by, and you are made to feel the power that comes from seeing things that way: you feel you know them more intimately than the people do who live with them day by day. Giorgio de Chirico az athéni Politechnikai Főiskolán tanult, amely műszaki és művészeti képzést is nyújtott. Giorgio de Chirico (Italian, 1888–1978) Giorgio De Chirico was born on 10th July 1888 in Volos, the capital of Thessaly (Greece). In the years before World War I, he founded the scuola metafisica art movement, which profoundly influenced the surrealists. [26] According to Sanford Schwartz, de Chirico—whose father was a railroad engineer—painted images that suggest "the way you take in buildings and vistas from the perspective of a train window. Giorgio de Chirico Born July 10, 1888 Volos, Greece Died November 20, 1978 (at age 90) Rome, Italy Nationality Italian Education Academy of Fine Arts in Munich Movement Scuola metafisica, Surrealism Field Painting, Sculpture, Drawing, Costume and Stage design Works View Complete Works Giorgio de Chirico (1888-1978) was an Italian artist who was known for "Literary cineastes: the Italian novel and the cinema". [35] In his book Blizzard of One Mark Strand included a poetic diptych called "Two de Chiricos": "The Philosopher's Conquest" and "The Disquieting Muses". In 1915 de Chirico was conscripted into the Italian army and stationed at Ferrara, Italy. In 1939, he adopted a neo-Baroque style influenced by Rubens. De Chirico's style has influenced several filmmakers, particularly in the 1950s through 1970s. Some comparison can be made to the long takes in Antonioni's films from the 1960s, in which the camera continues to linger on desolate cityscapes populated by a few distant figures, or none at all, in the absence of the film's protagonists. In November 1919, de Chirico published an article in Valori plastici entitled "The Return of Craftsmanship", in which he advocated a return to traditional methods and iconography. Giorgio de Chirico, (born July 10, 1888, Vólos, Greece—died Nov. 19, 1978, Rome, Italy), Italian painter who, with Carlo Carrà and Giorgio Morandi, founded the style of Metaphysical painting. De Chirico was profoundly moved by what he called the 'metaphysical aspect' of Turin, especially the architecture of its archways and piazzas. ), grčko-talijanski slikar; osnivač metafizičke Å¡kole slikarstva i preteča nadrealizma. Updates? Giorgio de Chirico ( Volo, 10 luglio 1888 – Roma, 20 novembre 1978) è stato un pittore e scrittore italiano, principale esponente della corrente artistica della pittura metafisica .